Mutation Judgments

 

MUTATION JUDGMENTS

2025 CLC 228

Civil Revision 1750-15

MUHAMMAD KHAN VS MUHAMMAD AKRAM

Mutation---Onus to proof- Oral and documentary evidence---Preference---Scope---Presumption of genuineness attached to documentary evidence... Scope--Once a document has been proved in accordance with law, the genuineness of its contents could be presumed and the rufe that the "document speaks for itself (acta probant sese ipsa) could be deployed---Rationale behind the presumptions attached to written documents stem out of both principles as well as policy-Presumptions are a matter of principle because written documents are by their very nature, to be accorded a higher degree of credibility as opposed to oral evidence; otherwise, it would bring uncertainty and chaos if written documents (and valuable rights, if any, attached to them) are allowed to be set aside on the basis of oral evidence.